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Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur in Top 50 Of World's Most Heat-Vulnerable Cities

The assessment goes beyond temperature levels and examines how well cities can cope with heat-related challenges. The study highlighted several Indian cities facing significant heat challenges:

Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur in Top 50 Of World's Most Heat-Vulnerable Cities
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A new study by the University of Oxford has identified India as the country with the highest number of cities vulnerable to extreme heat risks. Out of 205 cities assessed worldwide, 14 Indian cities feature among the top 50 most heat-vulnerable urban centres.

The findings come amid rising temperatures across the globe and recurring heatwave conditions linked to El Niño.

Maharashtra Cities Among India's Most Heat-Vulnerable

Three major cities from Maharashtra made it to the global top 50 list:

CityGlobal Rank
Nagpur4th
Pune23rd
Mumbai46th

Notably, Nagpur emerged as India's second most heat-vulnerable city, behind Ahmedabad.

Top Indian Cities Most Vulnerable to Heat Risk

The study highlighted several Indian cities facing significant heat challenges:

Highest Ranked Indian Cities:

  1. Ahmedabad – 2nd globally
  2. Nagpur – 4th globally
  3. Madurai – 7th globally
  4. Bhopal – 15th globally
  5. Kanpur – 20th globally
  6. Pune – 23rd globally

Other Indian Cities in the Top 50

  • Patna
  • Hyderabad
  • Bengaluru
  • Kolkata
  • Jaipur
  • Lucknow
  • Chennai

Together, these cities underline India's growing vulnerability to extreme heat events.

Which City Faces the Greatest Heat Risk Globally?

The study identified Al Basrah, Iraq, as the city facing the highest heat risk in the world.

Other countries with multiple high-risk cities include:

  • Nigeria (5 cities)
  • Pakistan (4 cities)
  • Ghana (multiple high-risk urban centres)

Tourist and Business Hubs Also Under Threat

The report notes that several globally important tourist and business destinations are increasingly vulnerable to heat stress.

  • Jaipur (India)
  • Cairo (Egypt)
  • Bangkok (Thailand)
  • Hanoi (Vietnam)

These cities may face challenges related to tourism, public health, and urban liveability as temperatures continue to rise.

What Is Heat Risk Vulnerability?

Heat risk vulnerability measures how susceptible a population is to the harmful effects of extreme heat, including:

  • Heat-related illnesses and deaths
  • Economic disruptions
  • Social impacts on vulnerable communities
  • Reduced productivity and quality of life

About the Oxford Study

The study, titled "Moving Beyond Exposure: A Globally Comparable Framework for Heat Risk Assessment in Cities," was published in the journal Sustainable Cities and Societies. 

The assessment goes beyond temperature levels and examines how well cities can cope with heat-related challenges.

  • Analysed 205 cities worldwide with populations exceeding 1 million.
  • Developed a globally comparable framework to assess urban heat risk.
  • Focused on three major dimensions:
  • Hazard Exposure
  • Vulnerability
  • Coping Capacity

Why Are Cities Becoming More Vulnerable?

  • Demographic Factors
  • Elderly population
  • Children and other vulnerable groups
  • Socio-Economic Factors
  • Income levels
  • Access to healthcare
  • Financial resources
  • Infrastructure Factors
  • Availability of air conditioning
  • Access to cooling centres
  • Quality of housing
  • Environmental Factors
  • Tree cover
  • Urban green spaces
  • Ecological buffers against heat

Conclusion

Cities with poor coping capacity and higher vulnerable populations scored higher on the risk scale.

In Maharashtra, cities such as Mumbai, Nagpur, and Pune have already experienced heatwave conditions and weather alerts linked to these climatic changes.

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